2024年5月3日,來自廣州醫科大學劉興國團隊在學術期刊《細胞—代謝》上發表了標題為“A novel protein CYTB-187AA encoded by the mitochondrial gene CYTB modulates mammalian early development.”得研究成果,發現線粒體基因CYTB編碼的新型蛋白質CYTB-187AA調節哺乳動物的早期發育。
據悉,線粒體基因組轉錄13個mRNA,編碼氧化磷酸化所必需的著名蛋白質。
線粒體基因CYTB編碼胞質翻譯的CYTB-187AA調控早期發育
既往研究表明,哺乳動物的線粒體基因組包含37個基因,其中13個基因編碼信使RNA翻譯為蛋白質、22個編碼轉運RNA、2個編碼核糖體RNA。線粒體基因組編碼的信使RNA在內膜包裹的基質內,由線粒體核糖體翻譯,形成內膜上呼吸鏈的13個蛋白質,在能量產生中發揮了核心作用。線粒體基因組中心法則的密碼子,與細胞核在細胞質核糖體翻譯的“標準密碼子”存在明顯不同。然而,線粒體基因組編碼區是否可以使用細胞質標準遺傳密碼編碼新的蛋白質?這是關乎中心法則的基本科學問題。
研究人員證明,細胞色素b(CYTB)是復合體III中唯一由線粒體 DNA 編碼的轉錄本,它還使用細胞質核糖體的標準遺傳密碼而不是線粒體遺傳密碼,編碼一種未被識別的長達187氨基酸的蛋白質CYTB-187AA。在利用質譜和抗體驗證了這種由細胞質翻譯產生的 mtDNA 編碼蛋白(mPACT)的存在后,研究人員發現CYTB-187AA主要定位于線粒體基質中,并通過與溶質運載家族25成員3(SLC25A3)相互作用來調節ATP的產生,從而促進了多能狀態從活化到初始的轉變。
研究人員進一步建立了一個CYTB-187AA沉默的轉基因敲入小鼠模型,并發現CYTB-187AA的減少會通過減少卵巢卵泡的數量而損害雌性的生育能力。研究人員首次發現了線粒體mRNA的新型mPACT模式,并證明了這種由mtDNA編碼的第14種蛋白質的生理功能。
Highlights
- CYTB?encodes a new protein, CYTB-187AA, using the standard genetic code in cytosol
- CYTB-187AA promotes the pluripotent state in primed-to-naive transition
- CYTB-187AA interacts with SLC25A3 to modulate ATP production
- CYTB-187AA regulates the fertility of female mice via ovarian follicles
Summary
The mitochondrial genome transcribes 13 mRNAs coding for well-known proteins essential for oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrate here that cytochrome?b?(CYTB), the only mitochondrial-DNA-encoded transcript among complex III, also encodes an unrecognized 187-amino-acid-long protein, CYTB-187AA, using the standard genetic code of cytosolic ribosomes rather than the mitochondrial genetic code. After validating the existence of this mtDNA-encoded protein arising from cytosolic translation (mPACT) using mass spectrometry and antibodies, we show that CYTB-187AA is mainly localized in the mitochondrial matrix and promotes the pluripotent state in primed-to-naive transition by interacting with solute carrier family 25 member 3 (SLC25A3) to modulate ATP production. We further generated a transgenic knockin mouse model of CYTB-187AA silencing and found that reduction of CYTB-187AA impairs females’ fertility by decreasing the number of ovarian follicles. For the first time, we uncovered the novel mPACT pattern of a mitochondrial mRNA and demonstrated the physiological function of this 14th?protein encoded by mtDNA.
文章來源:
Zhijuan Hu, Liang Yang, Maolei Zhang et al,? A novel protein CYTB-187AA encoded by the mitochondrial gene CYTB modulates mammalian early development.DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.012,Cell Metabolism:最新IF:31.373