雙鏈(ds)RNA的形成是病毒感染的標志，對于誘導先天免疫至關重要。dsRNA還參與基因沉默，并在體外轉錄基因合成過程中作為副產物產生?？筪sRNA單克隆抗體是在細胞培養和組織中檢測dsRNA的有效工具，主要應用于如下領域：
1.用于表征和檢測具有dsRNA基因組或中間體的病毒（包括SARS，丙型肝炎，登革熱或西尼羅河病毒）。
2.作為診斷工具，用于確定未知病原體是病毒還是細菌來源
3.用于體外轉錄(m)RNA制備的質量控制
dsRNA抗體精選與推薦：
| 貨號 | 產品 | 描述 | 選擇指南 |
| RNT-SCI-10010500 | 抗 dsRNA 單克隆抗體 J2 | 小鼠，IgG2a，κ 輕鏈 | IVT體外轉錄質控，金標準；文章最多 |
| RNT-SCI-10040500 | 抗 dsRNA 單克隆抗體 J5 | 小鼠，IgG2b，κ 輕鏈 | 更適合IF實驗 |
| RNT-SCI-10020500 | 抗 dsRNA 單克隆抗體 K1 | 小鼠，IgG2a，κ 輕鏈 | 更適合?Poly I:C 檢測 |
| RNT-SCI-10050100 | 抗 dsRNA ，抗體套裝 | J2、J5 和 K1 抗體的尺寸樣本 | 推薦用于 J2、J5 和 K1 抗體的比較測試 |
| RNT-SCI-10030010 | 抗 dsRNA 單克隆抗體 K2 | 小鼠，IgM，κ 輕鏈 | 更適合ELISA |
| RNT-SCI-10080100 | dsRNA 142 bp | 合成 dsRNA | 陽性對照 |
Fig.1：A）使用抗雙鏈RNA單克隆抗體J2在SARS-CoV感染的Vero細胞中檢測dsRNA的免疫熒光。 1：未感染的細胞。 標尺：20微米（根據[4]進行修改）。 B）使用抗雙鏈RNA單克隆抗體J2在SARS-Cov感染的Vero E6細胞的雙膜囊泡（DMVs）中進行免疫電子顯微鏡檢測（根據[5]進行修改）。 C）使用抗雙鏈RNA單克隆抗體J2在柯薩奇病毒感染的新生小鼠FFPE組織中檢測dsRNA。 1：小鼠心臟，2：褐色脂肪，3：胰腺，4：唾液腺，5：中樞神經系統神經節，6：未感染組織。
《Cell文章推薦》：
SND1 binds SARS-CoV-2 negative-sense RNA and promotes viral RNA synthesis through NSP9，Cell??|??2023 Oct 26
Article Snippet
".. washed once with ice-cold PBS, followed by two washes with PBS at room temperature.. For combining immunostaining with HCR-based detection, we used?anti-J2 antibody?(Jena Bioscience,?RNT-SCI-10010200, 1:500) or anti-SND1 antibody (Proteintech, 60265-1- Ig, 1:500).. Incubation with the primary antibody was performed for 1 h at room temperature.Incubation with .."
Figure Legend
"... (B) Representative images of IF staining for dsRNA?(J2?antibody)?using?HCR?detection in SARS-CoV-2 infected"
更多歷史參考文獻：
[1] Sch?nborn et al. (1991) Monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded RNA as probes of RNA structure in crude nucleic acid extracts. Nucleic Acids Res.19: 2993.
[2] Lukacs (1994) Detection of virus infection in plants and differentiation between coexisting viruses by monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded RNA. J. Virol. Methods47: 255.
[3] Lukacs (1997) Detection of sense:antisense duplexes by structure-specific anti-RNA antibodies. In: Antisense Technology. A Practical Approach, C. Lichtenstein and W. Nellen (eds), pp. 281-295. IRL Press, Oxford
[4] Weber et al. (2006) Double-Stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses. Journal of Virology 80(10): 5059.
[5] Knoops et al. (2008) SARS-Coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum. PLOS Biology 6(9): e226.
[6] Richardson et al. (2010) Use of antisera directed against dsRNA to detect viral infections in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Journal of Clinical Virology 49: 180.
[7] Karikó et al. (2011) Generating the optimal mRNA for therapy: HPLC purification eliminates immune activation and improves translation of nucleoside-modified, protein-encoding mRNA. Nucleic Acids Research 39(21): e142.
